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A discovery of the structural SARS-CoV-2 protein in situ in adenoids and palatine tonsils, in both epithelial and lymphomononuclear cells of different lymphoid compartments, suggests that the tonsils may be sites of prolonged infection, even without recent COVID-19 symptoms.
This study found, for the first time in children, that levels of IgG4 antibodies specific for S1 and RBD significantly increased one year after the second vaccination compared to baseline.
This nationwide registry-based study has shown increased risks of adverse events, including anaphylactic reaction, lymphadenopathy, and myocarditis/pericarditis in older adolescents aged 12–19 years, after the second mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.
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The results showed significant level of maternal-fetal transmission of delta variant SARS-CoV-2 in later stages of mice pregnancy, and viral tropism for various fetal brain cells, like endothelial cells of blood vessels, barrier cells of the choroid plexus, neurons, and glial cells.
HERV-related genes, HERVs, and immune mediators are differently upregulated in children diagnosed with acute COVID-19, acute or subacute KD, and acute or subacute MIS-C, supporting the role of HERVs in inflammatory diseases and their interaction with the immune system.Â
Cytokine and chemokine responses to bacterial, fungal, viral, and Toll-like receptor agonist stimulation decreased at 28 days after the 2nd vaccination. A sustained decrease in cytokine response to viral stimulants, but not to bacterial stimulants was found six months after the 2nd BNT162b2 vaccination
This study showed persistence of residual late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 58% of adolescents with COVID vaccine-associated myocarditis up to one year of follow-up.
The median deformation of RBCs was higher in seropositive and vaccinated participants than in seronegative participants, but only within 6 months of SARS-CoV-2-seroconversion.
The mechanism of in utero transmission to the fetal intestine remains unclear. Since viral RNA was detected in the placenta and amniotic fluid, this might be the pathway of viral transmission.
