This study demonstrated selective in vitro vulnerability of purified DA neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated inflammatory and cellular senescence response.
Acute COVID-19, Long COVID, Post COVID-vaccination syndrome & Nervous System-Experimental studies
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Modulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by the “neurotoxin-like region” of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is selective, allosteric, and concentration-specific (a role in aggression and anxiety?)
Neurotoxin-like region of the SARS-CoV-2 interact with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The α7 nAChR is a target for the SARS-CoV-2.
The inoculation of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein in the olfactory cavity resulted in brain inflammation and reduced ACh levels in the mouse brain
This investigation shows a link between the S1 subunit of the spike protein, brain inflammation, and reduced production of acetylcholine.
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The neurons of the peripheral nervous system serve as an alternative route for invasion of the central nervous system, independent of viremia
After intranasal SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, the findings demonstrated susceptibility of sensory and autonomic neurons of the PNS and CNS to productive infection with SARS-CoV-2 through direct neural invasion that preceded viremia.
SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in human motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells
SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect and replicate in an in vitro model of human motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor-binding domain stimulate human microglia to secrete various proinflammatory mediators
Recombinant full-length S protein and its RBD stimulate human microglia to secrete various proinflammatory mediators via activation of different receptors.
The SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan wild-type strain and variants differently affect the viability and susceptibility to infection of various brain cells (pericytes, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia)
The wild-type Wuhan strain and five variants Alpha, Beta, Delta, Eta, and Omicron, carrying specific mutations that modulate their infectivity and transmissibility, affect the brain cells and the blood-brain barrier differently.
