PREFUL MRI parameters revealed subtle pulmonary changes in children and adolescents with post-COVID syndrome, such as reduced regional ventilation and perfusion.
C-19, Long COVID/Post-vaccination syndrome in Children/Adolescents (Other body systems)
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Hypertrophic tonsils as the SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in children: 23% of tonsil and adenoid tissue samples of children who had undergone adenotonsillectomy, were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein
A discovery of the structural SARS-CoV-2 protein in situ in adenoids and palatine tonsils, in both epithelial and lymphomononuclear cells of different lymphoid compartments, suggests that the tonsils may be sites of prolonged infection, even without recent COVID-19 symptoms.
Elevated levels of non-inflammatory IgG4 antibodies specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were found in children aged 5 to 11 years one year after the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination
This study found, for the first time in children, that levels of IgG4 antibodies specific for S1 and RBD significantly increased one year after the second vaccination compared to baseline.
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The adverse events in adolescents aged 12–19 years after COVID-19 vaccination (Norwegian nationwide study)
This nationwide registry-based study has shown increased risks of adverse events, including anaphylactic reaction, lymphadenopathy, and myocarditis/pericarditis in older adolescents aged 12–19 years, after the second mRNA COVID-19 vaccination.
Maternal-fetal transmission of the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, viral tropism for various fetal brain cells and brain gliosis (animal study)
The results showed significant level of maternal-fetal transmission of delta variant SARS-CoV-2 in later stages of mice pregnancy, and viral tropism for various fetal brain cells, like endothelial cells of blood vessels, barrier cells of the choroid plexus, neurons, and glial cells.
Differently expressed human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and immune mediators in children diagnosed with COVID-19, Kawasaki disease, or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)
HERV-related genes, HERVs, and immune mediators are differently upregulated in children diagnosed with acute COVID-19, acute or subacute KD, and acute or subacute MIS-C, supporting the role of HERVs in inflammatory diseases and their interaction with the immune system.Â
Children aged 5 to 11 years were found to have changes in cytokine responses to heterologous pathogens and SARS-CoV-2 antigens up to six months after their second BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination
Since a decrease in immune response to other pathogens makes children more susceptible to other infections, the authors concluded that these findings highlight the need for further consideration of vaccination policy.
58% of adolescents diagnosed with COVID vaccine-associated myocarditis had subclinical myocardial dysfunction up to one year after the diagnosis
This study showed persistence of residual late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 58% of adolescents with COVID vaccine-associated myocarditis up to one year of follow-up.
Children and adolescents infected with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated against COVID-19 were found to have increased median deformation of red blood cells
The median deformation of RBCs was higher in seropositive and vaccinated participants than in seronegative participants, but only within 6 months of SARS-CoV-2-seroconversion.
Stool samples from newborns, born to mothers with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA and S protein at delivery, indicating in utero transmission of the virus to the fetal intestine
The mechanism of in utero transmission to the fetal intestine remains unclear. Since viral RNA was detected in the placenta and amniotic fluid, this might be the pathway of viral transmission.
