This study demonstrated selective in vitro vulnerability of purified DA neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated inflammatory and cellular senescence response.
C-19/long COVID/post-vaccination syndrome & Nervous system (experimental studies)
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Modulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by the “neurotoxin-like region” of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is selective, allosteric, and concentration-specific (a role in aggression and anxiety?)
Neurotoxin-like region of the SARS-CoV-2 interact with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The α7 nAChR is a target for the SARS-CoV-2.
The inoculation of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein in the olfactory cavity resulted in brain inflammation and reduced ACh levels in the mouse brain
This investigation shows a link between the S1 subunit of the spike protein, brain inflammation, and reduced production of acetylcholine.
Other Entries
The neurons of the peripheral nervous system serve as an alternative route for invasion of the central nervous system, independent of viremia
After intranasal SARS-CoV-2 inoculation, the findings demonstrated susceptibility of sensory and autonomic neurons of the PNS and CNS to productive infection with SARS-CoV-2 through direct neural invasion that preceded viremia.
SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in human motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells
SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect and replicate in an in vitro model of human motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor-binding domain stimulate human microglia to secrete various proinflammatory mediators
Recombinant full-length S protein and its RBD stimulate human microglia to secrete various proinflammatory mediators via activation of different receptors.
The SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan wild-type strain and variants differently affect the viability and susceptibility to infection of various brain cells (pericytes, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia)
The wild-type Wuhan strain and five variants Alpha, Beta, Delta, Eta, and Omicron, carrying specific mutations that modulate their infectivity and transmissibility, affect the brain cells and the blood-brain barrier differently.
