Post-COVID/ Post-vaccination syndrome & Nervous system

This study found abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the postmortem human brain samples of hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex within 4-13 months after acute COVID-19.

Case report of patient who died of radiographically and pathologically confirmed reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) one day after the third mRNA COVID (BNT162b2) vaccination.

The observed changes in Glu/Gln balance, total N-acetyl-compound levels and MI provided evidence of neuronal injury or loss as ell as persistent neuroinflammation and glial dysfunction in the brains of post-COVID individuals, and are consistent with findings associated with brain damage in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as neuroHIV.

Participants diagnosed with Long COVID performed worse than healthy controls in delayed and immediate verbal recall, informativeness of spoken discourse, letter fluency, and category fluency for animals.

These findings demonstrate characteristics and changes of the complex network known as brain functional connectome in individuals with primarily neurological symptoms of post-COVID syndrome.

This autopsy report described a case of multifocal necrotizing encephalitis, mild myocarditis, and pathological changes in small blood vessels (endothelitis) that developed after a third COVID-19 vaccination.

The results provide indirect evidence that differences in PET signal across brain regions, as an indicator of neuroinflammation, could partially reflect variations in vascular health and perivascular immune infiltration in individuals with PASC.

De novo onset or relapse of optic neuritis in vaccinated individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. 

Visuospatial deficit was associated with brain neuroimaging findings, and correlated with the upregulation of certain immune markers in approximately one-quarter of participants four months after acute COVID-19.

A case series of a new onset small fiber neuropathy with symptoms of dysautonomia and neuropathy, that developed after COVID-19.

These results show a decrease in corneal nerve density and branch density, as well as an increase in dendritic cell density in patients with long COVID in comparison to the control group.

An uncommon disease, hemorrhagic myelitis was presented in three cases following SARS-CoV-2 infection, with minimal or no improvement during follow-up.

A systematic review of the medical literature on cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) that occurred after severe acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or CoVID-19 vaccination.

A case of a systemic reaction, characterized by predominant neurological (electroencephalography and MRI findings) and skin manifestations (tinea inguinalis and tinea capitis) that occurred following the third dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine,

The infection with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccination are associated with de novo onset or relapse of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Patients diagnosed with long COVID syndrome and cognitive deterioration had significantly reduced long-interval intracortical inhibition that depends on slow inhibitory post-synaptic potentials mediated through GABA receptors and an abnormal pattern of intracortical facilitation, which is associated with glutamatergic excitatory signaling.

The findings of this study suggest an alternative route for the SARSCoV-2 S protein entry into the CNS, wherein it might reache first the skull marrow and meninges before entering the brain.

This is the first task-activated BOLD-fMRI study conducted in individuals diagnosed with post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms. The results discovered a different brain activity and reorganized working memory network in post-COVID participants compared to healthy controls who had no history of COVID-19 and tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.