The authors from Canada reported a severe avian influenza A(H5N1) illness in a 13-year-old adolescent with respiratory failure, left lower lobe pneumonia, acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia.
The avian influenza A (H5N1) virus
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The attachment pattern, replication, and infection of the upper and lower human respiratory tract differ between the H5N1 virus of clade 2.3.4.4b, the H5N1 virus of clade 2.1.3.2 and a seasonal H3N2 virus
Currently circulating the HPAI H5N1 virus of clade 2.3.4.4b attached better to the human respiratory tract than the H5N1 virus of clade 2.1.3.2. More abundant attachment to the human respiratory tract of the H5N12022 virus was associated with its more effective replication.
The risk of transmission of influenza A H5N1 virus through direct contact with raw milk from infected dairy cows (the mammary gland of cows abundantly displays receptors for circulating 2.3.4.4b H5 viruses)
Recent studies have investigated the ongoing risk of transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus to humans through direct contact with raw milk from infected dairy cows, the binding of 2.3.4.4b H5 influenza A viruses to available receptors in the mammary gland tissue samples from cows.
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14% of Texas dairy farmworkers tested had elevated levels of neutralizing antibodies against a recombinant Influenza A(H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.4.4b
Experts are warning that human cases of the H5N1 avian flu could be going undetected due to poor surveillance and a lack of diagnostic testing in at-risk groups.
