Multispecialty
Neuroscience
Diffusion tensor imaging revealed brain abnormalities in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)
Diffusion tensor imaging parameters were used to investigate microstructural abnormalities of brain tissue in individuals diagnosed with ME/CFS
Selective inhibition of NHE1, a pH-regulatory protein, improved locomotor and cognitive recovery in a mouse model of repetitive mild TBI
Inhibition of NHE1, an important pH-regulating plasma membrane protein resulted in a reduction of pathological signatures and improved locomotor and cognitive recovery in a mouse model of repetitive mild TBI.
Anti-GABAA receptor encephalitis developed after double autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma (case report)
This case report presented a patient who developed autoimmune anti-GABAA receptor encephalitis after double autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was found in 41% of brain samples of young athletes who died before 30 years of age
41% of of deceased young athletes who played contact sports and were exposed to repeated head impacts had chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
Intrathecally synthesized IgG1/CXCL10 axis is a potential predictor of multiple sclerosis activity
A specific signaling axis, immunoglobulin (Ig)G1-CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), is a potential predictor of MS disease activity and/or conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to relapsing-remitting MS.
Neuroplasticity of the maternal brain during pregnancy and postpartum
The specific changes in physiology and neuroplasticity in the maternal brain during pregnancy prepare the mother for the challenges of motherhood and contribute to the survival of the offspring.
Brain neurons form excitatory glutamatergic synapses with metastatic cells of non-neural cancers
This study has shown, for the first time, that neurons can form physiologically relevant excitatory glutamatergic synapses with metastatic cells of non-neural cancers.
HERV expression in pregnant women with multiple sclerosis is reduced compared to healthy pregnant women
The expression of HERVs in pregnant women with MS was reduced compared to healthy pregnant women.
Transfer of fecal materials from patients with Alzheimer’s disease to healthy rats resulted in cognitive deficit and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis
Transfer of fecal materials from Alzheimer’s disease patients to healthy young adult rats resulted in cognitive deficits and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis.
Progress in tissue engineering: production of human two-layer cerebral cortical tissue and its ex vivo integration in mouse brainÂ
The authors fabricated the two-layer cerebral cortical tissue containing simplified cortical columns by a droplet-based 3D printing technique with human-induced pluripotent stem cells.
Structural brain changes in adolescents who had experienced childhood sexual abuse
This MRI study has shown that volumes of the amygdala and hippocampus, as well as the cortical thickness of the prefrontal cortex, were altered in sexually abused adolescents compared to non-abused adolescents.
Functional outcomes in patients with locked-in syndrome (Norwegian National Study)
The majority of patients with locked-in syndrome remain severely disabled, but, even small improvements in function can significantly increase the potential for activity and participation.
Semorinemab, an anti-tau monoclonal antibody, did not improve functional and global outcomes in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (the phase II Lauriet study)
Results showed that semorinemab had a modest positive cognitive effect in patients with mild to moderate AD, but, did not result in improved functional or global outcomes.
IL-6 receptor blocker-tocilizumab rapidly improved condition in two children with severe myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)
IL-6 receptor blocker tocilizumab rapidly improved the condition in two children with severe, acute manifestations of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD).
Metabolomic analysis revealed three metabolites as candidates for “toxic” gut-brain communication in patients with multiple sclerosis
Three metabolites from catabolism of two essential amino acids, tryptophan and phenylalanine, represent possible candidates for ‘toxic’ gut–brain communication in patients with multiple sclerosis.
An unusual outbreak of Guillain Barré Syndrome in Peru
The Pan American Health Organization as the regional office for the World Health Organization in the Americas issued a briefing note on July 10, 2023, regarding the unusual increase of cases of Guillain Barré Syndrome in different parts of Peru.
Healthy older people treated with daily low-dose aspirin had higher rates of intracranial hemorrhage compared to the placebo group (the ASPREE randomized clinical trial)
The totals of intracranial hemorrhage resulting from a combination of hemorrhagic stroke and other causes of intracerebral hemorrhage, such as subdural, extradural, and subarachnoid bleeding, were significantly higher among individuals treated with aspirin than in individuals assigned to placebo.
Recurrent aseptic meningitis associated with a rare heterozygous complement regulatory factor (CFI) I gene mutation (case report)
This case report presented an association between a rare heterozygous CFI mutation and neurological manifestations with more than 15 episodes of aseptic neutrophilic meningitis, seizures, and persistent cognitive impairments.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 32 patients with aggressive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
This study reports the results of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 32 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Autoreactive T-cells migrate into the bone marrow and augment myelopoiesis which can accelerate inflammation and demyelination in MS
This study revealed that bone marrow, as the primary site of hematopoiesis, has an unrecognized role in MS, promoting intimate interactions between autoreactive T-cells and hematopoietic cells.
Plasma and tear fluid concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide are related to the endogenous sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle phases in women suffering from episodic migraine
The increased CGRP release from the trigeminal-vascular system during menstruation could explain the biological predisposition to more frequent, severe, and prolonged migraine attacks during this period
Gender-specific differences in functional brain connectivity are present in utero
Gender-specific differences in brain structure and function are observed throughout development and are believed to contribute to differences in behavior, cognition, and the presentation of neurodevelopmental disorders.
College athletes who had a slow recovery from a sports-related brain concussion were more likely to be female and had a greater number of symptoms immediately after injury
Women have a delayed resolution of sports-related post-concussive symptoms compared to men, and a greater number of neurological and behavioral symptoms, such as increased reaction times and more difficulties with visual memory tasks.
The relationship between the volumes and microstructural properties of callosal subregions and the degree of language lateralization in the corresponding cortical areas
This first tractography study investigated the relationship between the volumes and microstructural properties of callosal subregions and the degree of language lateralization.
The avian influenza A (H5N1)
The attachment pattern, replication, and infection of the upper and lower human respiratory tract differ between the H5N1 virus of clade 2.3.4.4b, the H5N1 virus of clade 2.1.3.2 and a seasonal H3N2 virus
Currently circulating the HPAI H5N1 virus of clade 2.3.4.4b attached better to the human respiratory tract than the H5N1 virus of clade 2.1.3.2. More abundant attachment to the human respiratory tract of the H5N12022 virus was associated with its more effective replication.
The risk of transmission of influenza A H5N1 virus through direct contact with raw milk from infected dairy cows (the mammary gland of cows abundantly displays receptors for circulating 2.3.4.4b H5 viruses)
Recent studies have investigated the ongoing risk of transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus to humans through direct contact with raw milk from infected dairy cows, the binding of 2.3.4.4b H5 influenza A viruses to available receptors in the mammary gland tissue samples from cows.
A teenager who was hospitalized in British Columbia and tested positive for Influenza A (H5N1), clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype D1.1, is the first case of avian influenza in Canada
On November 13, 2024, the Public Health Agency of Canada confirmed the first domestically acquired human case of avian influenza (also known as bird flu) caused by the influenza A(H5N1) virus in Canada.
14% of Texas dairy farmworkers tested had elevated levels of neutralizing antibodies against a recombinant Influenza A(H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.4.4b
Experts are warning that human cases of the H5N1 avian flu could be going undetected due to poor surveillance and a lack of diagnostic testing in at-risk groups.
Other Medical Disciplines
Rise in cryptosporidiosis cases in Australia
The Department of Health and National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System of the Australian Government reported a rise in the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in Australia.
A rise of toxic shock syndrome in Japan
The Japanese National Institute of Infectious Diseases reports a rise in the number of patients with toxic shock syndrome in Japan.
Anthrax outbreak in Zambia (The WHO announcement)
On December 8th, 2023, the World Health Organization announced that Zambia had reported its largest anthrax outbreak for a decade.
The accumulation of nanoparticles in the reproductive organs of female mice
The accumulation of nanoparticles in the female reproductive organs impairs the development of oocytes and can compromise fertility. In addition, cancer treatment with nanomedicines appears to be influenced by the specific biodistribution of nanoparticles in the female reproductive system.
Systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide reduced the number of hippocampal GABA-ergic synapses and caused memory impairment
A short time after systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide, microglia were activated, followed by a reduced number of hippocampal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic synapses and long-lasting cognitive impairment.
Certain bacterial species in colorectal cancer can resist the toxicity of 5-fluorouracil and reduce drug efficacy
In some patients with colorectal cancer, the intratumoral microbiota possesses the ability to deplete 5-FU, thereby reducing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agent within the colonized microniches.
Bat coronavirus TyRo-CoV-162275, found in southern China, has a furin protease cleavage site in the spike protein
Bat coronavirus TyRo-CoV-162275 has a putative furin protease cleavage site in its spike protein, and similar to MERS-CoV, likely utilizes human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (hDPP4) as a receptor for cell entry.
The American Heart Association recently defined the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome
AHA presidental advisory provides the definition of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome syndrome and guides how to better detect, prevent, and manage it.
A possible role of tau protein dysregulation in the pathogenesis of glaucoma
This review article discusses the new perspective of glaucoma as a tau-associated disorder, and analyzes the recent findings on the link between tau protein dysregulation and glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
The risk of cardiac arrhythmias is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (nationwide Swedish cohort study)
The patients with inflammatory bowel disease had an increased long-term risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias, with the exception of bradyarrhythmias
Concurrent infection with different intracellular pathogens can lead to accelerated T-cell exhaustion and potentially severe consequences
This paper discusses the possible interactions between the first and the second intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoan parasites, when they concurrently infect the same host cells.
The gender-specific association between depressive symptoms and specific forms of childhood trauma in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders
This study revealed a gender-specific association between depressive symptoms and specific forms of childhood trauma in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In women, the severity of depressive symptoms was associated with childhood sexual abuse, which was three times as often as in men.
AEF0117, a signaling-specific inhibitor of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor, is a safe and potentially effective treatment for cannabis use disorder
This study showed that AEF0117 reduced the positive subjective effects of cannabis and self-administration of cannabis in individuals with cannabis use disorder in comparison to placebo. It seems that AEF0117 decreases the abuse-related effects of cannabis not affecting normal behavior or activities.
Treatment with ADHD medications is associated with reduced risk of suicide in patients with borderline personality disorder (a nationwide Swedish study)
The use of ADHD medications was associated with a reduced risk of attempted or completed suicide. On the contrary, the use of benzodiazepines was associated with a marked increase in suicide risk.
The neurogenic cardiac injury
This review discusses the main pathophysiological mechanisms of heart-brain interaction leading to the neurogenic cardiac injury.
The third case of HIV-1 cure after allogeneic CCR5Δ32/Δ32 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
This study reports the third case of HIV-1 cure after allogeneic CCR5Δ32/Δ32 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and provides detailed information about the virological and immunological signature before and after analytical treatment interruption.
Nutrition
Positive effects of the flavonol quercetin in COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 syndrome
Numerous studies demonstrated the positive effects of quercetin in in COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 syndrome, including direct inhibition of viral entry into the host cells, inhibition of viral replication, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects.Â
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of natural products derived from plants, honey, and marine sponges
This study analyzes recent research on natural products derived from plants, honey, and marine sponges with properties against the SARS-CoV-2, as well as several potential mechanisms of their action,
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Consumption of olive oil reduces dementia mortality risk
This study, conducted in two large US prospective cohorts, found that consumption of olive oil reduces dementia mortality risk.
Rosmarinic acid displayed a protective effect in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease
The rosmarinic acid effectively reduces intestinal inflammation, intestinal flora dysbiosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell death, and intestinal smooth muscle contraction abnormalities in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease.
The Mediterranean diet changed the gut microbiome and decreased the fecal calprotectin concentration in patients in remission of ulcerative colitis
The Mediterranean diet changed the gut microbiome and decreased the fecal calprotectin in patients with remission of ulcerative colitis
Breastfeeding restores microbial shift in the infant’s gut microbiota caused by the mode of delivery
Breastfeeding restored perturbation in the infant’s gut microbiota caused by the mode of delivery (Cesarean section), and reduced susceptibility to respiratory infections in the first months of the infant’s life.
The Mediterranean and low-fat diets reduce the risk of all cause mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction in patients at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
This network meta-analysis determined the relative efficacy of structured diet and health behavior programs (dietary programs) for preventing mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.Â
The association between the ultra-processed foods and the increased risk of colorectal cancer is gender-specific
This study investigated the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (industrial ready-to-eat or ready-to-heat formulations made with little or no whole foods) and the increased risk of colorectal cancer with almost 30 years of follow-up.
The Western-type diet contributes to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a clinically relevant mouse model
This study identified Blautia producta and its metabolite, 2-oleoylglycerol, as clinically relevant bacterial and metabolic mediators that promote the onset and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk for all-cause dementia
Participants with the highest adherence to the Mediterranean diet had a 23% lower risk to develop dementia than those with the lowest level of adherence.