These findings suggest that the persistence of vaccine-derived S1 protein in CD16+ monocytes, and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19-like cytokine profile, may contribute to persistent post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome.
Topic
Immune Dysregulation in post-COVID-19-vaccination syndrome
One year after mRNA COVID-19 immunization, the young people show elevated cytokine levels, suggesting ongoing stimulation of the immune system
The results showed that vaccination led to increased cytokine levels even one year after vaccination. Furthermore, the results indicated differences in cytokine levels based on gender and age.
18% of individuals with post-COVID vaccination syndrome were found to have autoantibodies directed against peripheral nerve structures (axons, paranodes, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, and Schwann cell nuclei)
This study has shown that serum prevalence of autoreactive IgGs against peripheral nerve structures was significantly higher in PCVS patients than in healthy controls. IgG binding was directed against axons, paranodes, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, and Schwann cell nuclei.
The rapid waning of serum antibodies after mRNA vaccination is due to the inability of mRNA vaccines to induce long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow
This study showed the exclusion of SARS-CoV-2 specificity from the bone marrow long-lived plasma cell (LLPC) compartment and the inability of mRNA vaccines to induce necessary precursor programs to fully mature into the bone marrow LLPC.
COVID-19 vaccination increased concentrations of IgE specific for the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain and IgG4Â
This study revealed increased IgE levels specific for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 in individuals who had been immunized with the ChAdOx1, CoronaVac and mRNA BNT162b2 vaccines. Additionally, IgG4 levels detected after booster mRNA BNT162b2 vaccination, showed a moderate correlation with IgE levels.
Elevated levels of non-inflammatory IgG4 antibodies specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were found in children aged 5 to 11 years one year after the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination
This study found, for the first time in children, that levels of IgG4 antibodies specific for S1 and RBD significantly increased one year after the second vaccination compared to baseline.
IgG4-related diseases (sialadenitis, pancreatitis, and hepatopathy) after COVID-19 vaccination
Two cases of immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related diseases that developed after COVID vaccination.
IgG4-related ophthalmic disease after COVID-19 vaccination (case report)
The authors present a patient who developed the ocular manifestation of immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related disease, referred to as IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD), after COVID vaccination.
Differences in the concentrations of autoantibodies against receptors involved in autonomic regulation between individuals with post-COVID vaccination syndrome and vaccinated healthy subjects could be related to dysautonomia
The concentrations of autoantibodies against receptors involved in autonomic regulation and serum levels of IL-6/IL-8 can distinguish individuals with post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome from healthy vaccinated individuals.
A significant proportion (29%) of healthcare workers developed de novo production of antinuclear antibodies after three mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations
A significant proportion (29%) of healthcare workers developed de novo production of antinuclear antibodies after three mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. The most prevalent was a homogeneous pattern of ANA.
![Vaccinated COVID convalescents were found to have increased T-cell activation (a selective uptake of [18F]F-AraG) in many anatomical regions (thoracic spinal cord, cauda equina, lumbar and iliac crest, bone marrow, brainstem, aortic arch, pulonary artery, lower lung lobes, pharyngeal tonsils, hilar lymphoid tissue, proximal colon wall, rectal wall, and the right heart ventricle wall ) and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RNA in rectosigmoid cells up to 2.5 years after acute infection](https://discovermednews.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/T-cells-400x250.webp)
Vaccinated COVID convalescents were found to have increased T-cell activation (a selective uptake of [18F]F-AraG) in many anatomical regions (thoracic spinal cord, cauda equina, lumbar and iliac crest, bone marrow, brainstem, aortic arch, pulonary artery, lower lung lobes, pharyngeal tonsils, hilar lymphoid tissue, proximal colon wall, rectal wall, and the right heart ventricle wall ) and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RNA in rectosigmoid cells up to 2.5 years after acute infection
A whole-body positron emission tomography with a novel radiopharmaceutical [18F]F-AraG showed increased T cell activation in numerous anatomical regions in vaccinated COVID convalescents up to 2.5 years after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Changes in cytokine responses to heterologous pathogens and SARS-CoV-2 antigens were observed in children aged 5 to 11 years up to six months after their second BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination
Since a decrease in immune response to other pathogens makes children more susceptible to other infections, the authors concluded that these findings highlight the need for further consideration of vaccination policy.
Repeated mRNA COVID vaccinations increase the levels of IgG4 antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and IgG4-switched memory B cells
Irrgang et al were the first to report an increase in the proportion of IgG4 antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, starting after the second and increasing further after the third mRNA COVID vaccination.
