A follow-up study of immune parameters in unvaccinated COVID-19 convalescents 10 weeks and 10 months after a first and mostly mild infection with the Wuhan-strain Hu-1 showed a long-term reduction of innate and adaptive immune cells, associated with a shift from Th1 to Th2 cytokine pattern.
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Long COVID/Post-vaccination syndrome & Immunity
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The P3 peptide of the SARS-CoV2 spike protein shares sequence homology with Staphylococcus aureus superantigens and several endogenous mammalian proteins and induces T-cell proliferation
This study identified a small peptide P3 in the S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV2 S protein with sequence homology to bacterial superantigens and the capacity to induce unexpected proliferation of T-cells.
Passive transfer of IgG from patients with long COVID induces mechanical and thermal sensitivity and impairs locomotor activity in mice
These findings demonstrate that transfer of IgG from long COVID patients to mice replicates disease symptoms, underscoring a causative and heterogeneous role of IgG in the pathogenesis of long COVID.
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Immune response in people from malaria-endemic regions of Ghana, exposed to Plasmodium falciparum and positive for SARS-CoV-2
Immune modulation associated with exposure to Plasmodium falciparum may contribute to a reduced severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living in malaria-endemic regions.
A diversity of intracellular microbes in immune cells of SARS-CoV-2-positive and COVID-19-recovered individuals
This study demonstrates diversity of intracellular microbes in immune cells of healthy individuals, SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, and COVID-19 recovered individuals.
The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens, chronic inflammation, reactivation of latent herpes viruses, and decreased cortisol levels were detected in long COVID patients more than one year after acute infection
Biological (immunological, virological and hormonal) features of long COVID syndrome more than one year after acute infection.
Temporal dynamics of anti-chemokine autoantibodies in COVID-19 and long-COVID syndrome
The findings suggest that higher levels of autoantibodies directed against specific chemokines are associated with favorable disease outcomes in COVID-19 convalescents.
Individuals with neuro-post-COVID and poorer cognitive performance were found to have a distinct immunological signature and a higher titer of IgG antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein
Individuals with neuro-PASC had a distinct pattern of T cell activation and specific immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein.
Unique monocyte signatures in subgroups of long COVID patients indicate that long COVID phenotypes could be driven by distinct mechanisms
Unique monocyte signatures define subgroups of long COVID patients and confirm prolonged changes in innate immunity during COVID-19 convalescence. Given the heterogeneity of clinical presentations, it seems likely that distinct pathophysiological pathways cause different long COVID phenotypes
Immunocompromised patients with advanced HIV infection have high levels of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein genetic diversity
According to the authors, high levels of SARS-CoV-2 S protein genetic diversity in individuals with advanced poorly controlled HIV infection markedly increase the risk for the emergence of new VOCs in these individuals.









