The findings showed an increased incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and its prodromal stage, mild cognitive impairment, in COVID-vaccinated individuals, particularly those receiving mRNA vaccines, within three months post-vaccination.
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Long COVID/Post-vaccination syndrome & Nervous system (Cognitive Impairments)
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Younger and middle-aged patients with neuro-long COVID were found to have poorer cognitive performance and executive functions and more prevalent neurological symptoms than older patients
Age-related differences in neuro-long COVID showed that younger and middle-aged patients were more severely affected than older patients.
An abnormal accumulation of Alzheimer’s disease-like hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in postmortem brain samples of COVID-19 convalescents who died within 4-13 months after acute COVID-19
This study found abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the postmortem human brain samples of hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex within 4-13 months after acute COVID-19.
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Cognitive-linguistic difficulties in individuals with post-COVID syndrome
Participants diagnosed with Long COVID performed worse than healthy controls in delayed and immediate verbal recall, informativeness of spoken discourse, letter fluency, and category fluency for animals.
Changes in the brain functional connectivity were associated with cognitive dysfunction in individuals with neurological manifestations of post-acute COVID syndrome
These findings demonstrate characteristics and changes of the complex network known as brain functional connectome in individuals with primarily neurological symptoms of post-COVID syndrome.
Visuospatial deficits were found to correlate with brain neuroimaging findings and upregulation of certain biomarkers in COVID-19 convalescents 4 months after infection
Visuospatial deficit was associated with brain neuroimaging findings, and correlated with the upregulation of certain immune markers in approximately one-quarter of participants four months after acute COVID-19.
Individuals with neuro-post-COVID and poorer cognitive performance were found to have a distinct immunological signature and a higher titer of IgG antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein
Individuals with neuro-PASC had a distinct pattern of T cell activation and specific immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein.
In patients with long COVID syndrome and cognitive deterioration, transcranial magnetic stimulation demonstrated abnormal GABAergic and glutamatergic regulation of the motor cortex excitability
Patients diagnosed with long COVID syndrome and cognitive deterioration had significantly reduced long-interval intracortical inhibition that depends on slow inhibitory post-synaptic potentials mediated through GABA receptors and an abnormal pattern of intracortical facilitation, which is associated with glutamatergic excitatory signaling.
