These findings suggest that the persistence of vaccine-derived S1 protein in CD16+ monocytes, and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19-like cytokine profile, may contribute to persistent post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome.
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Long COVID/Post-vaccination syndrome & Other body systems (SARS-CoV-2 Persistence)
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SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins as well as HIV-GP120 protein were detected in extracellular vesicles or as free proteins in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from post-COVID patients up to two years after acute COVID-19 and from HIV-positive subjects on HAART therapy with undetectable blood viral load
Most spike and nucleocapsid proteins were contained in the extracellular vesicles. In contrast, most HIV-GP120 proteins were present as free proteins.
Individuals with post-COVID vaccination syndrome were found to have a specific immunological profile, serological evidence of recent Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, and circulating SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein up to 700 days after vaccination
This study demonstrated immunological and other characteristics in individuals experiencing persistent symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination.
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SARS-CoV-2 antigens can persist in plasma for up to 14 months after acute infection
Analysis of temporal antigen profiles, performed by collecting blood samples at multiple time points, revealed that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 plasma antigens was 10.6% 3-6 months after the onset of COVID-19, 8.7% after 6-10 months and 5.4% after 10-14 months.
The persistence of residual SARS-CoV-2 RNA or proteins in different tissue samples four months after infection
This study showed the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in solid tissue samples from various organs, including lung, liver, kidney, stomach, intestine, brain, breast, thyroid, blood vessels, and skin, in patients who had recovered from mild COVID-19 at one month, two months, and four months post-infection.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antigens were detected in the appendix and breast tissues of two post-COVID patients, 426 and 175 days after the acute COVID-19
This study investigated the presence of residual SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antigens in tissues of two patients diagnosed with post-COVID syndrome.Â
The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens, chronic inflammation, reactivation of latent herpes viruses, and decreased cortisol levels were detected in long COVID patients more than one year after acute infection
Biological (immunological, virological and hormonal) features of long COVID syndrome more than one year after acute infection.
Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that approximately 50% of those vaccinated against COVID-19 had specific fragments of recombinant S protein in their blood samples 2-6 months after vaccination
50% of subjects who received mRNA-based vaccines had specific fragments of recombinant S protein in their blood samples 2–6 months after vaccination.
Vaccinated COVID convalescents were found to have increased T-cell activation in many anatomical regions and SARS-CoV-2-specific RNA in rectosigmoid cells up to 2.5 years after initial infection
A whole-body positron emission tomography with a novel radiopharmaceutical [18F]F-AraG showed increased T cell activation in numerous anatomical regions in vaccinated COVID convalescents up to 2.5 years after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection.








